Archive for August, 2011


The adorable little kid in the Darth Vader outfit who starred in VW’s popular Super Bowl commercial, The Force, won’t need to invoke The Force to compel consumers to buy the all-new 2012 Volkswagen Passat.  I’m relieved to report that the car is good enough to sell itself.  [For the record, that commercial turned out to be a very good investment for Volkswagen as it went viral and has been viewed more than 41.4 million times on YouTube alone. ]

Like most auto enthusiasts, I was concerned and apprehensive last year when VW announced that its new mid-size car was going to be a US-only Passat with an inflated size and a deflated sticker price.  To do this, VW built a beautiful, shiny, new $1 billion factory in lovely, noisome Chattanooga, Tennessee. And they did it all with  “only” around $557 million in state and local taxpayer incentives.

Volkswagen's new plant in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Right now, the only model built there is the 2012 Passat.

The new Passat was announced after the 2010 launch of the all-new 2011 Jetta. I found the new Jetta disappointing in almost all metrics save for the wonderful TDI engine option.  The Jetta had been stripped of suspension parts and fitted with interior plastics courtesy of Walmart.  Built in VW’s Puebla, Mexico plant, the Jetta is now cheap enough to compete with the Asians. Ugh.  In short, the new Jetta had turned to the Dark Side to boost sales.

Americans respond to big price reductions, so sales of the Dark Side Jetta are up. I mourn the loss of a Jetta sedan with a class-leading interior,  independent rear suspension and 4-wheel disc brakes. I’ve always been a fan of VW because the little German-engineered cars were günstiger.

The 2011 VW Jetta - knock knock - come on, wake up!

The 2012 Passat, with a base MSRP of $19,995, is targeted directly at the mid-size family sedan leaders: The Toyota Camry, Honda Accord, Nissan Altima, Hyundai Sonata, Kia Optima, Ford Fusion and Chevy Malibu. It’s thousands less than the previous German-built Passat, primarily due to cost cutting and elimination of the profit-sucking exchange rates.

Where the Jetta’s styling redefines anonymous, the new Passat is more detailed and mature, albeit as conservative as the Wall Street Journal’s editorial page. Pictures don’t do the Passat justice and color makes a significant difference. All the promos show the car in a pale color; however, my black tester really popped with its controversial, bright, rapper-size fore and aft VW badges and sinister-looking polycarbonate shades streamlining the halogen headlamps into the prominent 3-bar corporate chrome grille. It may look like Darth Vader, but it hasn’t gone to the Dark Side.

The front of the 2012 Passat looks a bit menacing in black. The VW badge is certainly prominent.

I contacted VW Santa Monica (part of the LACarGuy group) ahead of time to make sure they had a diesel Passat available to test. The test car was just that – a VW tester sent directly to the Santa Monica dealer to make the rounds of local events and provide a dedicated test vehicle for 40 mpg-hungry LA-area greenies.

No window sticker, just a nice "gift" to Santa Moncia Volkswagen. Note the QR (quick response) code on the sticker. You can read it with an app on your smartphone.

I’m sure the base Passat 2.5L, saddled with VW’s unremarkable 170 hp 5-cylinder hamster wheel, will be the volume leader. Inexpensive always sells. VW also offers a top-line Passat with a 3.6L 280 hp V6; but here in green veneer L.A., the marquee model is the TDI with the 2.0L 140 hp 236 lb-ft torque turbo-diesel direct-injected engine mated to either a 6-speed manual or VW’s 6-speed DSG dual-clutch automated gearbox.

Why the excitement? Well it’s because the manual version is rated at 31 mpg city, 43 mpg highway and the automatic is rated at 30 city/40 highway. The Passat’s highway mileage meets or beats any mid-size sedan, including the Toyota Camry, Ford Fusion and Hyundai Sonata Hybrids. Anecdotal evidence from numerous sources suggests that the TDI’s highway mileage will actually be higher. With its 18.5 gallon tank, the Passat TDI has a cruising range exceeding 700 miles. Vegas road trip anyone?

The rear of the 2012 Passat is more defined than the Jetta. It won't win any design awards, but it's well executed. Note the large VW badge and the TDI SEL on the right trunk lid.

It was a nice day for a drive in Santa Monica where the blistering summer heat was all the way up to 73 degrees — a daunting test for the Passat’s standard dual zone automatic climate control.

The little diesel engine feels right at home in the Passat and has no problem tugging around its 3,360 pounds. I experienced a bit of hesitation from the DSG when I punched it into a turn from a stand still; however in normal driving in city traffic, the transmission shifted smoothly. I never felt a lack of power because of the gobs of torque available from only 1,400 rpm.

All in easy reach: The handsome DSG shifter, start stop button and dual zone automatic climate control. The digital temperature settings can be read in the center infotainment screen.

The new electromechanical power steering felt light, somewhat isolated, but on center. It retains enough German precision to make it a better driver’s car, particular in DSG sport mode. The front wheels tracked dead straight. As with most VW products, torque steer has been all but banished by the engineers in Wolfsburg.

I did my usual tap and scratch test on the interior plastics of the new Passat and I have good news: This isn’t the Jetta. The dash cowl is covered in a pleasing, textured, soft-touch plastic. The “Autumn Nut Burl” trim, while not real, is convincing enough. The door trim above armrest level is textured and softened while the trim below the arm rest and below the dash belt line is a harder plastic that taps a bit hollow.

The driver's side door panel is pleasing and the various plastic panels all match despite being of different quality. I like the way the grab handle was integrated into the design.

The tilt/telescope three-spoke multifunction leather-wrapped steering wheel felt good in my hands and adjusted for a perfect view of the instruments. Basic functions were all easily accessible and my hand fell naturally both to the shifter and adjacent start/stop button.

I was grateful for the 8-way power sports seat with driver’s side memory that are part of the $4,300 TDI SEL2 option package. It took a bit of fiddling, but I found a comfy position for my 6′ 1” lanky frame. The heated and leather-trimmed seats have Dynamico ® (synthetic suede) inserts that tether you in for an added sporty dimension.

It's not a great picture; but you can see the power seat controls.

I didn’t test the navigation system, but the smallish 6.5” touch screen had sharp graphics and was easy to read. The Fender Premium Audio System has a 30 GB hard drive, Bluetooth, satellite radio and iPod control. The interior is almost Lexus-quiet, with surprising little engine or road noise infiltrating the airy cabin. This modern advanced “clean” diesel engine is both quiet and odor-free.

The smallish - 6.5 inch - infotainment screen. Here you see some of the controls for the Fender Premium Audio System.

I missed a backup camera or sensors that would be an inexpensive add-on to the existing navigation system. There were no rain-sensing wipers either. And I’d prefer the iPod controls in the center armrest area rather than the glove box.

The 2012 Passat has class-leading front and rear legroom and its cargo capacity is almost at the top with 15.9 cubic feet. The standard 60/40 split rear bench folds down so that long flat cargo (think flat boxes at IKEA) are an easy fit. The trunk was completely lined and flocked; however, the trunk lid was naked and sported goose neck hinges rather than gas-pressure struts. I smell a diligent cost accountant at work.

The back seats look inviting and you can see the suede-like material inserts.

The capacious trunk has a fairly low lip, so it's easier to load stuff. It's nicely lined too. Note the little pulls at the top of the opening that allow you to drop the rear seats for more room. Also you can see the naked trunk lid and cheap goose neck hinges.

Base MSRP for the 2012 Passat TDI with DSG is $27,895. The SEL2 package is $4,300; however, you get almost every luxury feature and infotainment upgrade you could want. In fact, there are no other options offered. Add the $770 destination charge and the fully-loaded car is $32,965. This prices the 2012 Passat TDI smack in the middle of its similarly-equipped fuel sipping hybrid competition and it is, by far, the frugal enthusiast’s pick of the bunch.


Tesla Motors, the Silicon Valley electric vehicle start up company, is working feverishly to bring its “affordable” (base MSRP $49,900) Model S family-sized sedan to market.  Tesla needs the money.  You know, a public company can only lose money for so long before the Wall Street overlords demand to see some signs of a profitable business.

The Tesla Model S sure looks great -- and it's BIG. Photo: Tesla

The interior of the Model S is futuristic and functional. Large LCD high-def screens replace the dash gauges as well as most center console functions like infotainment and HVAC. Photo: Tesla

Tesla is winding down production of its iconic Roadster (base MSRP $109,000), the company’s first BEV (battery electric vehicle) based on a Lotus platform.  Accordingly, it’s time for a new car.

2011 Tesla Roadster 2.5 Photo: Tesla

The sweet interior of the Tesla Roadster. It should look good for more than $100,000! Photo: Tesla

Production of the Model S will be at the shuttered Toyota-GM joint venture, New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI), in Freemont, California, that Tesla bought in May 2010. Production of the Model S is projected to begin in mid-2012 and Tesla says it will create 1,000 new California jobs.

In 2010, Toyota and Tesla announced a $100 million joint venture deal to build the 2012 Toyota RAV4 EV at Tesla’s Freemont plant.  However, on August 5, 2011, Toyota said that it will build the RAV4 EV at its Woodstock, Ontario (Canada) plant.  Toyota will pay Tesla $100 million for an electric powertrain that includes the RAV4’s battery module, electric motor, gear box and electronic components. Those parts will be shipped to Ontario for assembly.  Tesla will manufacture these components in its smaller facility in Palo Alto (used for the Roadster) rather than the Freemont plant.

2012 Toyota RAV4 EV, electrified by Tesla Motors Photo: Toyota

According to Tesla, the Model S can seat 7 people:  Five adults and two children.  The Model S features two front seats, a rear bench seat for three adults, and optional rear facing jump seats designed for two children. The jump seats will be similar to those available in some station wagons (like the Mercedes-Benz E-Class wagon).  The rear hatchback design endows the Model S with class-leading cargo capacity.

The open hatchback of the Tesla Model S Photo: EVAuthority.com and Jalopnik.com

Tesla Model S Prototype, front and rear. Photo: Tesla

The most important issue for most EV buyers is range and their own range anxiety. Tesla says that the standard-issue battery is good for 160 miles – nearly double the range of a Nissan Leaf. For a whopping $10,000 extra, you can get a 230-mile battery pack and for a mind-numbing $20,000, Tesla crams the 300-mile battery pack into the Model S.  Suddenly that $50,000 car becomes $70,000 – without any other options. Who do they think they are – Porsche?

The Tesla Model S almost looks like a Maserati from this angle. Very sporty! Photo: Tesla

Check out the Tesla-produced videos below.  You get a good idea of just how much time, energy, high-tech components and sheer brainpower goes into producing a pure electric vehicle from a clean sheet of paper.  It’s really impressive to see what is happening right here in California.

Tesla Vehicle Engineering – Part 1 from Tesla Motors on Vimeo.

Tesla Vehicle Engineering – Part 2 from Tesla Motors on Vimeo.

Tesla Vehicle Engineering – Part 3 from Tesla Motors on Vimeo.

This video is a bit boring, but it’s short and it really gives you a sense of what the Model S will look and sound like on the road. Almost all of the “sound” is road noise.  In the “biz” this is referred to as NVH – noise, vibration and harshness.  There are small armies of engineers (at every auto manufacturer) who spend their waking hours worrying about NVH and fine tuning the suspension, wheels, tires and chassis to minimize these problems.

Model S Alpha Hits the Road from Tesla Motors on Vimeo.

Tesla teases us with the actual Model S road testing in thin disguise. I think the test area is somewhere near Tesla’s Headquarters in Palo Alto, CA.  With the 300 mile battery pack, I think I could live with one. Now if I could just afford one.

Tesla Model S Sneak Peek: Alpha Drives from Tesla Motors on Vimeo.

If you want to know more about the Model S, here are the FAQs from Tesla Motor’s website.

North American Model S

How will I service my Model S?

Tesla operates stores and service centers across North America and plans to open additional locations. In addition, the “Tesla Service Ranger” program sends mobile technicians to customers’ homes in remote areas. Read more about the Service Ranger program.

Reservations

What is the difference between Model S and Model S Signature?

The first 1,000 Model S vehicles delivered in the United States and the first 200 in Canada will be Signatures. Similar to other ‘limited edition’ offerings, Model S Signature will come very well-equipped, potentially with colors and options not available for Model S. Model S Signature will come with the 300-mile range battery pack. Reservation payments vary by country of use:

Model S Model S Signature
US $5,000 USD $40,000 USD
Canada $5,000 CAD $40,000 CAD
Is the reservation payment refundable?

The reservation payment is 100% refundable. All reservation holders receive a one-page reservation agreement, including refund details, during the reservation process.

Ownership and Pricing

When will features, options, and pricing be announced?

Options and pricing for Model S are in development and will be announced when finalized. Tesla will invite reservation holders to configure their Model S approximately three months before their car is produced.

What are the prices of the different battery pack options?

Three battery options are offered: 160-, 230-, or 300-mile range. Model S comes standard with the 160-mile range battery at the quoted $49,900 base price (after the $7,500 Federal Tax Credit). The 230-mile and 300-mile range batteries are optional upgrades. The 230-mile range option is priced at about $10,000 more than the base and the 300-mile option at about $20,000 more than the base.

May I delay production of my Model S?

Yes. You will be contacted by Tesla approximately three months before production of your vehicle to select your options. At that time, you will have a one-time right of deferral. This means, should your life circumstances dictate a delay or a desired option is yet not available, you may relinquish your reservation sequence number and defer to a later position.

Is the $7500 United States Federal Tax Credit likely to be available in 2012?

The $7500 federal tax credit is expected to remain available for many years. The community of EV owners and general enthusiasts can contact government officials to encourage the longevity of the credit. Read more about the current Plug-In Electric Drive Motor Vehicles tax credit.

Are financing and leasing available?

Yes. A full suite of payment options will be offered. Further details will be announced closer to launch.

How does electric vehicle ownership compare to that of combustion vehicles?

Electric vehicle ownership is extremely advantageous compared to typical premium sedan ownership – gasoline is not needed and routine maintenance is minimal. We calculate that fuel cost reductions alone will save Model S owners approximately $8,000 USD over a 5 year ownership period versus comparable vehicles like the BMW 535i.

Can I import a Model S into a market not supported by Tesla Motors?

Tesla vehicles are designed and built to meet the unique requirements of each market and are physically different country to country as required by law. Customers should reserve Model S in the market they intend to register and drive their vehicle. Exporting cars into different markets is not supported by Tesla Motors.

Development Plan and Production

When will Model S be available for a test drive?

Reservation holders will be invited to test drive in early 2012. The Model S Design Prototype will be on tour in some markets in 2011. It is not available for test drives. The production-intent Beta vehicles, produced at the Tesla Factory, will start to be available in late 2011.

When will Model S production begin?

Model S production is scheduled to begin in mid-2012 with the Signature Series. After the Model S Signature Series, production for North America will continue with the 300-mile batteries, followed by 230-mile and 160-mile battery options later in 2012.

How many Model S units will Tesla produce each year?

Tesla plans to produce 20,000 Model S units annually. In 2012, Tesla expects to produce around 5,000 to 7,000 vehicles as the Tesla Factory reaches its planned production capacity.

When will a Canadian version of Model S become available?

Production of Canadian Model S vehicles will begin approximately three months after the US start of production.

Performance

Has Model S been tested for crash safety?

Model S is engineered with the intent to achieve 2012 five-star NHTSA safety ratings. Final safety data is not yet available.

How fast is Model S?

Model S accelerates from 0-60 mph in approximately 5.6 seconds. Model S has a top speed of approximately 125 mph.

How does Model S perform in extreme temperatures?

Model S is engineered to perform in extreme hot and cold weather.  The sophisticated Tesla battery management system uses re-circulating propylene glycol to either heat or cool the battery as necessary.

Is the Model S front, rear, or all wheel drive?

The Model S is a rear wheel drive vehicle. Tesla traction control technology provides excellent grip, even in low-traction conditions.

Range and the Battery

Do Tesla battery packs suffer from “memory effect?” Is it necessary to completely discharge the battery to maintain its capacity?

No. Tesla uses lithium ion cells, which do not suffer from memory effect.

If Model S is parked and not charging, will the battery lose its charge?

Loss of charge at rest is minimal. For example, Model S owners can park at the airport for extended vacations without plugging in.

How does accessory use (radio, climate control, headlights) affect driving range?

Accessory use does not have a dramatic impact on driving range. Exact range fluctuates based on vehicle speed, driving style, road conditions, and weather. Holding these factors constant, using higher consumption accessories like climate control will reduce range approximately five to ten percent. Read a broad discussion about range.

Will Model S use regenerative braking to recharge the battery?

Yes.

How many years will the battery last?

Based on testing, Tesla expects the battery to retain approximately 70% of its initial capacity after seven years or 100,000 miles.

How much does a battery replacement cost?

Given rapidly changing battery technology, it is impossible to accurately forecast the cost of future battery replacements.

How far can Model S travel on one charge?

Three battery options are offered: 160-, 230-, or 300-mile range. Model S comes standard with the 160-mile range battery at the quoted $49,900 base price (after the $7,500 Federal Tax Credit). The 230-mile and 300-mile range batteries are optional upgrades. The 230-mile range option is priced at about $10,000 more than the base and the 300-mile option at about $20,000 more than the base.

Features and Options

What options and features will be available?

We are finalizing the list of features and options. As production nears, Tesla will release exact specifications, options, and associated prices. Tesla expects the 17” infotainment touchscreen to be standard on every Model S. The panoramic glass roof and rear-facing child seats are planned optional upgrades.

I’m very tall – will I fit?

Yes. Model S is a premium, full-size sedan slightly larger than BMW 5 Series, Mercedes E-Class, or Audi A6. Tesla’s unique powertrain packaging frees up space for passengers and cargo.

Approximately how much will it cost to insure Model S?

Model S is expected to have insurance premiums consistent with other cars in its class.

How does Model S seat seven people?

Model S seats five adults and two children. Model S features two front seats, a rear bench seat for three adults, and optional rear facing jump seats designed for two children. The jump seats will be similar to those available in some station wagons.

Will Model S fit in my garage?

Model S has approximately the following dimensions:

Overall length 16’4″ (4973 mm)
Overall height 4’8″ (1426 mm)
Overall width with mirrors 7’2″ (2189 mm)
Ground Clearance 4.46″ (113 mm)

Charging

How does Model S charge?

Model S can be charged by plugging into any regular 110 volt wall outlet. Typical 220 volt outlets (like the ones used for kitchen stoves and clothes dryers) charge Model S more quickly.

What charging infrastructure will I need in my home?

Model S plugs into any standard outlet. No additional infrastructure is needed.

How long does it take to recharge Model S?

Charging times are based on battery size and the combined voltage and amperage of the power source. Regular wall outlets carry an electrical feed of 110 volts at either 12 or 15 Amps and charge slowly. A 220 volt outlet, such as your clothes dryer outlet, can charge Model S from empty to full overnight. Model S is capable of recharging in 45 minutes using a fast charging station.

When should I plan to charge my Model S?

To maintain optimum driving utility and long-term battery health, Tesla recommends plugging your Model S in each night or when convenient.

Is it possible to install solar panels on the hood to increase range?

Model S is not currently designed to incorporate the use of solar panels.

How can I charge my Model S using solar power?

The best way to charge Model S using solar power is to install a solar panel system on your home. When planning the system, you can estimate your daily vehicle power consumption with the following equation.

Assume average energy usage per mile is approximately 300Wh/mile (188Wh/km)(based on actual Roadster driving data). Multiply 300Wh/mile (188Wh/km) by your daily driving distance to estimate your daily vehicle energy consumption. A trusted local solar installer can use this figure to develop and install a system to support your total daily energy demand.