R.I.P. Fisker Automotive: 2007-2013


Somewhere in cyberspace, an anonymous scribe is preparing an entry for Fisker Automotive, Inc. in Wikipedia’s List_of_defunct_automobile_manufacturers_of_the_United_States.

2012 Fisker Karma. R.I.P. Fisker Automotive, Inc. 2007-2013.

2012 Fisker Karma. R.I.P. Fisker Automotive, Inc. 2007-2013.

Fortunately for investors in Fisker Automotive, this week the media’s attention is focused on much more serious events happening in Boston. Sure, Fisker’s filing for bankruptcy will make the news, just not for nearly the number of news cycles usually devoted to this kind of failure.  Bloviating “experts” will excoriate the Obama Administration for giving Fisker a $528.7 million Department of Energy “Advanced Technologies Vehicle Manufacturing” loan. Automotive executives will say that they knew Fisker had bad karma.  Blah, blah, blah….

The Fisker Karma's interior looks nice, except there were lots of complaints about sloppy workmanship, poor fit/finish and cramped quarters.

The Fisker Karma’s interior looks nice, except there were lots of complaints about sloppy workmanship, poor fit/finish and cramped quarters.

In Los Angeles, we have different tea leaves that pick winners and losers in the rarefied niche market of advanced technology hybrid and electric vehicles. Roaming our streets on a daily basis is a never-ending parade of beautiful, fast, exotic, expensive and classic cars – not to mention the countless hybrids. LA has a large enough market for low-volume high-tech, advanced drivetrain vehicles that low volume, expensive cars have a place here. If we like it here, the vehicle and/or its underlying technology stand a good chance of expanding and flourishing.

On any given day driving around Metro LA, you can see exotic cars like the Honda FCX Clarity, a Tesla Roadster or a Mercedes-Benz B-Class FCV (Fuel Cell Vehicle). The Chevy Volt is more popular than the Chevy Cruze.  The BMW ActiveE isn’t a stranger.  Last year, the Toyota Prius was the best-selling vehicle in California – no surprise to anyone as you can’t drive anywhere without being surrounded by them.

The Coda sedan. CODA Automotive's first and likely its last car.

The Coda sedan. CODA Automotive’s first and likely its last car.

When CODA Automotive opened up its first store in the fall of 2011, in the Century City Shopping Mall, I visited the store and tested the Coda – the company’s first offering, an all-electric sedan. That was November 2011 and I pronounced the Coda dead-on-arrival. The $45,750 (later reduced to $37,250) Coda was far to expensive, even with up to $10,000 in federal and state tax credits. It borrowed styling from a decades-old still-born Mitsubishi econobox and I found it primitive and uncomfortable. It was a battery and a drivetrain in search of a body. No one bought it.

By the time CODA Automotive abruptly ceased nearly all operations in December 2012, the LA Times reported that it had sales of no more than 78 vehicles based on a recall notice issued by the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration. I never saw one on the open road.

By contrast, the Nissan Leaf was less expensive, thoroughly modern, futuristic-looking and far better equipped. And the Leaf was backed by an extensive network of Nissan dealers. Last year, Nissan sold 9,819 Leafs. Last month (March 2013), Nissan sold 2,236 Leafs. Today, the Leaf is a common sighting in LA.

Justin Bieber's Fisker Karma in chrome. You know, a "stealth color" right? Photo: TMZ.com

Justin Bieber’s Fisker Karma in chrome. You know, a “stealth color” right? Photo: TMZ.com

With the arrival of Fisker Santa Monica in 2011, the stage was set for “volume” sales of the highly-anticipated Fisker Karma, an extended-range electric vehicle. Suddenly the Fisker Karma was all over the wealthier areas of Metro LA. Justin Bieber bought (or was given) one painted in bright chrome and was notoriously chased by the paparazzi. Leonardo DiCaprio had one. Wealthy Santa Monica entertainment executives with the need for a green veneer but a disdain for a common Toyota, were customers.

In 2012, the curvaceous  cramped, four-door, six figure, five thousand three hundred pound Karma became a common sight in LA. It was like the iPhone 5 of the wealthy eco-conscious car buyers. Flash with a bit less guilt.

But as with everything in the tech industry, things can change instantly and customers are fickle. The batteries caught fire. Consumer Reports bought a Karma and it bricked. Battery packs were recalled. Fisker stopped production of the Karma and lost thousands of cars in Super Storm Sandy. On October 16, 2012, A123 Systems, Inc., the supplier of the battery pack for the Karma, did the corporate version of bricking.

The Fisker Karma had a very fetching hind quarters belying its porky 5,300 curb weight.

The Fisker Karma had a very fetching hind quarters belying its porky 5,300 curb weight.

Even if 2012 had been clear sailing for Fisker, its fate was sealed when the pure electric $100,000 Tesla Model S debuted last July. With the 85 kWh flat-floor battery pack, an EPA certified range of 265 miles, a much larger interior and gobs of cargo capacity, that stunning 17 inch infotainment/control display and sports car handling, suddenly the $100,000 Karma’s 32 mile EV range and “extended range” of up to 300 miles didn’t seem so impressive.

The 2013 Tesla Model S won Car of the Year awards from both Motor Trend and Automobile Magazine.

The 2013 Tesla Model S won Car of the Year awards from both Motor Trend and Automobile Magazine.

Then, near the end of 2012, the Model S snagged two very important COTY awards from Motor Trend and Automobile Magazine. The LA-based orders started to pile up for the Model S.

Almost all controls inside the Tesla Model S are accessed on the brilliant 17 inch full-color, fully-internet enabled center touch screen.

Almost all controls inside the Tesla Model S are accessed on the brilliant 17 inch full-color, fully-internet enabled center touch screen.

You might see the tail end of the Tesla Model S more often than the front because this car is seriously fast and can easily blow past the most powerful German sedans.

You might see the tail end of the Tesla Model S more often than the front because this car is seriously fast and can easily blow past the most powerful German sedans.

A black hole has been sucking the Karma off the streets of LA and like the Big Bang, the Model S has exploded on the city, everywhere I go. A shady, apartment lined street in West Hollywood.  Abbot Kinney in Venice. BOA Steak House. The Palm Springs Art Museum. Ralph’s parking lot. Sunset Plaza. USC. The 405. The 10.

A new 2013 Tesla Model S enjoys Doris Day parking at BOA Steakhouse in West Hollywood.

A new 2013 Tesla Model S enjoys Doris Day parking at BOA Steakhouse in West Hollywood.

Another new Tesla Model S is able to find a coveted street parking space on Abbot Kinney in Venice.

Another new Tesla Model S is able to find a coveted street parking space on Abbot Kinney in Venice.

Range anxiety? Not with that big battery pack and the $1,200 optional Tesla Twin Charger that can double the charging speed at home or the office. And if you’re on the road, locate one of Tesla’s Supercharger Stations that can recharge the 85 kWh battery – more than 250 miles of range – in one hour. Pretty awesome.

We are witnessing very rare automotive history here in Los Angeles with the life and death of Fisker and the Karma and the rise of the Tesla Model S.  I’ve never seen a car become so hot so fast and then nearly disappear to be replaced by another even hotter car — not even when the Hummer disappeared with the fuel spikes in 2008 to be replaced by the Prius.

I kind of feel bad for the Karma.  She got dumped for a virgin electric with a bigger battery, a dazzling infotainment interface (17 inches!) and sports sedan handling good enough for the exclusive six-figure German mash pit. However, I don’t see too many Karmas being sold into indentured servitude on the resale market. Only a few thousand were ever produced and sold, and none really saw hard time, so while you won’t see many on the road, most will find their way into private collections and museums.

As the bankruptcy vultures prepare to dismantle Fisker, we can be sure that Hernik Fisker, while a talented designer, is not destined to be the Henry Ford of ER/EVs, despite sharing his initials. Fisker Automotive will take its place in the sprawling automotive graveyard among such former luminaries as Packard, Duesenberg, Tucker, Studebaker, Pontiac and Plymouth. The automotive business is complex and cut-throat and few start-ups survive.  R.I.P. Fisker Automotive.

April 25, 2013, Editor’s note: On April 1, 2013, Tesla announced that it had delivered “more than 4,730 Model S Cars” for the first quarter of 2013. For the same period, the competition sold:

  • Audi A8 – 1,462
  • Audi A7 – 2,083
  • BMW 7-Series – 2,338
  • BMW 6-Series (including the Gran Coupe) – 2,071
  • Lexus LS – 2,860
  • Mercedes-Benz S-Class – 3,077
  • Mercedes- Benz CLS – 1,695

So when you look at the $100,000+ luxury class, the Tesla Model S seems to be ahead of the class. These statistics support my observations that the Model S has transcended the EV range anxiety and it’s overall excellence is attracting its share of the luxury market.  This is an amazing accomplishment for the first mass-produced car from a start-up manufacturer.

Tesla Readies the Model S


Tesla Motors, the Silicon Valley electric vehicle start up company, is working feverishly to bring its “affordable” (base MSRP $49,900) Model S family-sized sedan to market.  Tesla needs the money.  You know, a public company can only lose money for so long before the Wall Street overlords demand to see some signs of a profitable business.

The Tesla Model S sure looks great -- and it's BIG. Photo: Tesla

The interior of the Model S is futuristic and functional. Large LCD high-def screens replace the dash gauges as well as most center console functions like infotainment and HVAC. Photo: Tesla

Tesla is winding down production of its iconic Roadster (base MSRP $109,000), the company’s first BEV (battery electric vehicle) based on a Lotus platform.  Accordingly, it’s time for a new car.

2011 Tesla Roadster 2.5 Photo: Tesla

The sweet interior of the Tesla Roadster. It should look good for more than $100,000! Photo: Tesla

Production of the Model S will be at the shuttered Toyota-GM joint venture, New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI), in Freemont, California, that Tesla bought in May 2010. Production of the Model S is projected to begin in mid-2012 and Tesla says it will create 1,000 new California jobs.

In 2010, Toyota and Tesla announced a $100 million joint venture deal to build the 2012 Toyota RAV4 EV at Tesla’s Freemont plant.  However, on August 5, 2011, Toyota said that it will build the RAV4 EV at its Woodstock, Ontario (Canada) plant.  Toyota will pay Tesla $100 million for an electric powertrain that includes the RAV4′s battery module, electric motor, gear box and electronic components. Those parts will be shipped to Ontario for assembly.  Tesla will manufacture these components in its smaller facility in Palo Alto (used for the Roadster) rather than the Freemont plant.

2012 Toyota RAV4 EV, electrified by Tesla Motors Photo: Toyota

According to Tesla, the Model S can seat 7 people:  Five adults and two children.  The Model S features two front seats, a rear bench seat for three adults, and optional rear facing jump seats designed for two children. The jump seats will be similar to those available in some station wagons (like the Mercedes-Benz E-Class wagon).  The rear hatchback design endows the Model S with class-leading cargo capacity.

The open hatchback of the Tesla Model S Photo: EVAuthority.com and Jalopnik.com

Tesla Model S Prototype, front and rear. Photo: Tesla

The most important issue for most EV buyers is range and their own range anxiety. Tesla says that the standard-issue battery is good for 160 miles – nearly double the range of a Nissan Leaf. For a whopping $10,000 extra, you can get a 230-mile battery pack and for a mind-numbing $20,000, Tesla crams the 300-mile battery pack into the Model S.  Suddenly that $50,000 car becomes $70,000 – without any other options. Who do they think they are – Porsche?

The Tesla Model S almost looks like a Maserati from this angle. Very sporty! Photo: Tesla

Check out the Tesla-produced videos below.  You get a good idea of just how much time, energy, high-tech components and sheer brainpower goes into producing a pure electric vehicle from a clean sheet of paper.  It’s really impressive to see what is happening right here in California.

Tesla Vehicle Engineering – Part 1 from Tesla Motors on Vimeo.

Tesla Vehicle Engineering – Part 2 from Tesla Motors on Vimeo.

Tesla Vehicle Engineering – Part 3 from Tesla Motors on Vimeo.

This video is a bit boring, but it’s short and it really gives you a sense of what the Model S will look and sound like on the road. Almost all of the “sound” is road noise.  In the “biz” this is referred to as NVH – noise, vibration and harshness.  There are small armies of engineers (at every auto manufacturer) who spend their waking hours worrying about NVH and fine tuning the suspension, wheels, tires and chassis to minimize these problems.

Model S Alpha Hits the Road from Tesla Motors on Vimeo.

Tesla teases us with the actual Model S road testing in thin disguise. I think the test area is somewhere near Tesla’s Headquarters in Palo Alto, CA.  With the 300 mile battery pack, I think I could live with one. Now if I could just afford one.

Tesla Model S Sneak Peek: Alpha Drives from Tesla Motors on Vimeo.

If you want to know more about the Model S, here are the FAQs from Tesla Motor’s website.

North American Model S

How will I service my Model S?

Tesla operates stores and service centers across North America and plans to open additional locations. In addition, the “Tesla Service Ranger” program sends mobile technicians to customers’ homes in remote areas. Read more about the Service Ranger program.

Reservations

What is the difference between Model S and Model S Signature?

The first 1,000 Model S vehicles delivered in the United States and the first 200 in Canada will be Signatures. Similar to other ‘limited edition’ offerings, Model S Signature will come very well-equipped, potentially with colors and options not available for Model S. Model S Signature will come with the 300-mile range battery pack. Reservation payments vary by country of use:

Model S Model S Signature
US $5,000 USD $40,000 USD
Canada $5,000 CAD $40,000 CAD
Is the reservation payment refundable?

The reservation payment is 100% refundable. All reservation holders receive a one-page reservation agreement, including refund details, during the reservation process.

Ownership and Pricing

When will features, options, and pricing be announced?

Options and pricing for Model S are in development and will be announced when finalized. Tesla will invite reservation holders to configure their Model S approximately three months before their car is produced.

What are the prices of the different battery pack options?

Three battery options are offered: 160-, 230-, or 300-mile range. Model S comes standard with the 160-mile range battery at the quoted $49,900 base price (after the $7,500 Federal Tax Credit). The 230-mile and 300-mile range batteries are optional upgrades. The 230-mile range option is priced at about $10,000 more than the base and the 300-mile option at about $20,000 more than the base.

May I delay production of my Model S?

Yes. You will be contacted by Tesla approximately three months before production of your vehicle to select your options. At that time, you will have a one-time right of deferral. This means, should your life circumstances dictate a delay or a desired option is yet not available, you may relinquish your reservation sequence number and defer to a later position.

Is the $7500 United States Federal Tax Credit likely to be available in 2012?

The $7500 federal tax credit is expected to remain available for many years. The community of EV owners and general enthusiasts can contact government officials to encourage the longevity of the credit. Read more about the current Plug-In Electric Drive Motor Vehicles tax credit.

Are financing and leasing available?

Yes. A full suite of payment options will be offered. Further details will be announced closer to launch.

How does electric vehicle ownership compare to that of combustion vehicles?

Electric vehicle ownership is extremely advantageous compared to typical premium sedan ownership – gasoline is not needed and routine maintenance is minimal. We calculate that fuel cost reductions alone will save Model S owners approximately $8,000 USD over a 5 year ownership period versus comparable vehicles like the BMW 535i.

Can I import a Model S into a market not supported by Tesla Motors?

Tesla vehicles are designed and built to meet the unique requirements of each market and are physically different country to country as required by law. Customers should reserve Model S in the market they intend to register and drive their vehicle. Exporting cars into different markets is not supported by Tesla Motors.

Development Plan and Production

When will Model S be available for a test drive?

Reservation holders will be invited to test drive in early 2012. The Model S Design Prototype will be on tour in some markets in 2011. It is not available for test drives. The production-intent Beta vehicles, produced at the Tesla Factory, will start to be available in late 2011.

When will Model S production begin?

Model S production is scheduled to begin in mid-2012 with the Signature Series. After the Model S Signature Series, production for North America will continue with the 300-mile batteries, followed by 230-mile and 160-mile battery options later in 2012.

How many Model S units will Tesla produce each year?

Tesla plans to produce 20,000 Model S units annually. In 2012, Tesla expects to produce around 5,000 to 7,000 vehicles as the Tesla Factory reaches its planned production capacity.

When will a Canadian version of Model S become available?

Production of Canadian Model S vehicles will begin approximately three months after the US start of production.

Performance

Has Model S been tested for crash safety?

Model S is engineered with the intent to achieve 2012 five-star NHTSA safety ratings. Final safety data is not yet available.

How fast is Model S?

Model S accelerates from 0-60 mph in approximately 5.6 seconds. Model S has a top speed of approximately 125 mph.

How does Model S perform in extreme temperatures?

Model S is engineered to perform in extreme hot and cold weather.  The sophisticated Tesla battery management system uses re-circulating propylene glycol to either heat or cool the battery as necessary.

Is the Model S front, rear, or all wheel drive?

The Model S is a rear wheel drive vehicle. Tesla traction control technology provides excellent grip, even in low-traction conditions.

Range and the Battery

Do Tesla battery packs suffer from “memory effect?” Is it necessary to completely discharge the battery to maintain its capacity?

No. Tesla uses lithium ion cells, which do not suffer from memory effect.

If Model S is parked and not charging, will the battery lose its charge?

Loss of charge at rest is minimal. For example, Model S owners can park at the airport for extended vacations without plugging in.

How does accessory use (radio, climate control, headlights) affect driving range?

Accessory use does not have a dramatic impact on driving range. Exact range fluctuates based on vehicle speed, driving style, road conditions, and weather. Holding these factors constant, using higher consumption accessories like climate control will reduce range approximately five to ten percent. Read a broad discussion about range.

Will Model S use regenerative braking to recharge the battery?

Yes.

How many years will the battery last?

Based on testing, Tesla expects the battery to retain approximately 70% of its initial capacity after seven years or 100,000 miles.

How much does a battery replacement cost?

Given rapidly changing battery technology, it is impossible to accurately forecast the cost of future battery replacements.

How far can Model S travel on one charge?

Three battery options are offered: 160-, 230-, or 300-mile range. Model S comes standard with the 160-mile range battery at the quoted $49,900 base price (after the $7,500 Federal Tax Credit). The 230-mile and 300-mile range batteries are optional upgrades. The 230-mile range option is priced at about $10,000 more than the base and the 300-mile option at about $20,000 more than the base.

Features and Options

What options and features will be available?

We are finalizing the list of features and options. As production nears, Tesla will release exact specifications, options, and associated prices. Tesla expects the 17” infotainment touchscreen to be standard on every Model S. The panoramic glass roof and rear-facing child seats are planned optional upgrades.

I’m very tall – will I fit?

Yes. Model S is a premium, full-size sedan slightly larger than BMW 5 Series, Mercedes E-Class, or Audi A6. Tesla’s unique powertrain packaging frees up space for passengers and cargo.

Approximately how much will it cost to insure Model S?

Model S is expected to have insurance premiums consistent with other cars in its class.

How does Model S seat seven people?

Model S seats five adults and two children. Model S features two front seats, a rear bench seat for three adults, and optional rear facing jump seats designed for two children. The jump seats will be similar to those available in some station wagons.

Will Model S fit in my garage?

Model S has approximately the following dimensions:

Overall length 16’4″ (4973 mm)
Overall height 4’8″ (1426 mm)
Overall width with mirrors 7’2″ (2189 mm)
Ground Clearance 4.46″ (113 mm)

Charging

How does Model S charge?

Model S can be charged by plugging into any regular 110 volt wall outlet. Typical 220 volt outlets (like the ones used for kitchen stoves and clothes dryers) charge Model S more quickly.

What charging infrastructure will I need in my home?

Model S plugs into any standard outlet. No additional infrastructure is needed.

How long does it take to recharge Model S?

Charging times are based on battery size and the combined voltage and amperage of the power source. Regular wall outlets carry an electrical feed of 110 volts at either 12 or 15 Amps and charge slowly. A 220 volt outlet, such as your clothes dryer outlet, can charge Model S from empty to full overnight. Model S is capable of recharging in 45 minutes using a fast charging station.

When should I plan to charge my Model S?

To maintain optimum driving utility and long-term battery health, Tesla recommends plugging your Model S in each night or when convenient.

Is it possible to install solar panels on the hood to increase range?

Model S is not currently designed to incorporate the use of solar panels.

How can I charge my Model S using solar power?

The best way to charge Model S using solar power is to install a solar panel system on your home. When planning the system, you can estimate your daily vehicle power consumption with the following equation.

Assume average energy usage per mile is approximately 300Wh/mile (188Wh/km)(based on actual Roadster driving data). Multiply 300Wh/mile (188Wh/km) by your daily driving distance to estimate your daily vehicle energy consumption. A trusted local solar installer can use this figure to develop and install a system to support your total daily energy demand.

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